Melasma is a common skin condition characterized by the appearance of dark, discolored patches, usually on the face. These patches are typically brown or grayish-brown and often appear on the cheeks, forehead, chin, and upper lip. Melasma is more common in women, particularly during pregnancy (when it is called the "mask of pregnancy"), or due to the use of birth control pills and hormonal fluctuations. The exact cause of melasma is unclear, but it is believed to be triggered by sun exposure, hormonal changes, and genetic predisposition. Treatment for melasma focuses on reducing pigmentation and preventing its recurrence. Topical treatments, such as hydroquinone, retinoids, and corticosteroids, can help lighten dark spots. Chemical peels and laser therapies (like Fractional CO2 or Q-switched lasers) are effective in treating melasma by targeting pigmentation in the skin. Daily use of sunscreen is critical in preventing melasma from worsening or reappearing. In some cases, oral medications like tranexamic acid may also be prescribed to help reduce pigmentation.

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